In The Name of Allaah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy
Question: The questioner asks: What are the rights of a neighbour?
Answer: The rights of a neighbour are great and many. Indeed many ahaadeeth have been narrated regarding the rights of a neighbour and among them is the hadeeth narrated by Abdullaah Ibn Umar (radiyallaahu-anhumaa) that the Messenger of Allaah (sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam) said: Jibreel did not cease advising me (about the rights) of a neighbour to the extent that I thought he (i.e. the neighbour) would be my inheritor. [Reported by Bukhari and Muslim]
Abu Hurairah (radiyallaahu-anhu) narrated that the Messenger of Allaah (sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam) said: The one whose neighbour is not safe from his evil behaviour will not enter paradise. [Reported by Muslim]
Abu Hurairah (radiyallaahu-anhu) narrated that the Prophet (sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam) said: By Allah, he does not believe (i.e. he is not a perfect believer); by Allah, he does not believe (i.e. he is not a perfect believer); by Allah, he does not believe (i.e. he is not a perfect believer); It was said: Who O Messenger of Allah? He said: The one whose neighbour is not safe from his evil behaviour. [Reported by Bukhari]
And there are other Narrations that demonstrate the greatness of a neighbour’s rights. Neighbours are three types: The neighbour with three rights; the neighbour with two rights and the neighbour with one.
[a] The neighbour with three rights is the one who is a relative, so he has rights (over you) as a relative, as a Muslim brother (or sister) and the rights of a neighbour.
[b] The neighbour with two rights is a Muslim neighbour, so he has rights (over you) as a neighbour and as a Muslim (brother or sister).
[c] As for neighbour with one right, he (or she) is a non-Muslim neighbour and has the rights of a neighbour. [Ref 1]
The Prophet (sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam) said: ”He Is Not a (True) Believer Whose Stomach Is Filled While His Neighbour Goes Hungry”. [Ref 2]
This Hadeeth (clearly demonstrates or indicates) that the one whose stomach is filled while his neighbour is hungry is not a believer of complete Eemaan. A person of complete Eemaan is the one who checks on his neighbour if the neighbour is in need of him. It is not possible for a neighbour to be enjoying himself with foods and drinks while his (other) neighbour cannot find anything and he does not give him anything. This (behaviour) does not reflect the manners of a believer with complete Eemaan. And because of this-in this hadeeth- the Prophet (sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam) negated the completeness (of the Eemaan of the one who behaves in such a manner); rather a believer of complete Eemaan is the one who is generous to his neighbour as much as he is able, especially when in need of a necessity such as food and drink. [Ref 3]
Question: The questioner asks: A neighbour of mine and his children harm me through their speech and actions, so will I be rewarded due to being patient with them?
Answer: There is no doubt that you will be rewarded (In-Shaa-Allaah) due to your patience in receiving harm from your neighbour and his children. This patience of yours is from good manners and kind treatment to your neighbour. Indeed Allaah (The Most High) advised His Messenger (sallal laahu alayhi wasallam) about showing kindness to neighbours, saying:
وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا ۖ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَبِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنبِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا
Worship Allah and join none with Him in worship, and do good to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, Al-Masakin (the poor), the neighbour who is near of kin, the neighbour who is a stranger, the companion by your side, the wayfarer (you meet), and those (slaves) whom your right hands possess. Verily, Allah does not like such as are proud and boastful. [4:36]
The Messenger (sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam) said: Jibreel did not cease advising me (about the rights) of a neighbour to the extent that I thought he (i.e. the neighbour) would be my inheritor. [Reported by Bukhari and Muslim]
Therefore, be steadfast in exercising patience and you’ll receive reward and a good recompense from Allaah (In-Shaa-Allaah). There is no doubt that your neighbour is committing evil deeds, for indeed the Messenger (sallal-laahu-alayhi-wasallam) said: By Allah, he does not believe (i.e. he is not a perfect believer); by Allah, he does not believe (i.e. he is not a perfect believer); by Allah, he does not believe (i.e. he is not a perfect believer); It was said: Who O Messenger of Allah? He said: The one whose neighbour is not safe from his evil behaviour. [Reported by Bukhari] [Ref 4]
[Ref 1: Fadaa’il Al A’maal pages 15-16’ by Shaikh Muhamad Bin Abdillaah As-Subayyil (rahimahullaah)]
[Ref 2: Reported by Imaam Al-Bukhaari (rahimahullaah) in Adabul Mufrad Number 112 & declared authentic by Imaam Albaani (rahimahullaah) in his checking of Adabul Mufrad page 50. Publisher Daar As-Siddeeq 2nd ed [1421 AH/ Year 2000]
[Ref 3: Awnul Ahadis Samad Sharhul Adabul Mufrad’ page137, Vol 1- by Shaikh Zayd Bin Haadi Al-Madkhali (rahimahullaah). Publisher: Daar Al-Meeraath An-Nabawiy’ 1st ed Year 1434AH/ 2013]
[Ref 4: Fadaa’il Al-A’maal page 30’ by Shaikh Muhammad Bin Abdillah As-Subayyil (rahimahullaah)]